Alloy Pressure Pipe
High-temperature Alloy Steel tubes are known as Chrome Moly pipes.
ASTM A213, A209 specification covers Alloy Steel Seamless tube for high-temperature service. These tubes are suitable for bending and similar forming operations and for fusion welding at high temperatures. High-temperature alloy steel tubes are also considered to have low alloy chrome moly grades.
ASTM/ASME A/SA213 Gr. T2, T11, T12, T22, T91, T92
ASTM/ASME A/SA335 Gr. P1, P2, P5, P11, P12, P22
ASTM/ASME A/SA209 T1, T1a, T1b
ASTM A213 tubing has been widely used in high-temperature services, especially for the boiler and superheater. Tube material could be in alloy steel and stainless steel and manufactured in seamless of hot rolled or cold drawn. Common grades are T9, T11, T12, T21, T22, T91 and stainless grades in TP304 or TP316.
The A335 pipes are generally called chrome moly pipe, it is a type of seamless pipe that can be used in high-temperature environments of 540 – 750 °C, they have a high level of Chromium and Molybdenum presence in it, While Molybdenum increases the overall strength, resistance, elasticity, hardenability, and overall quality, moly ensures that the material is more resistant to softening, restrains the growth of grains and lessens the chances of embrittlement. It is the single additive that is responsible for the increase in high-temperature resistance and it also improves the corrosion resistance to steel.
This chrome moly pipe featured grades ASTM A335 P9, P11, P22, and P91, so also it could be called a P Grade pipe in some cases.
P11 pipe, P22 pipe, and P91 pipes are used in the power industry and petrochemical plants, meanwhile, P5 and P9 pipe generally find usage in refineries.
ASTM A209 / A209M, ASME SA209 T1, T1a, T1b is the standard applicable to seamless carbon-molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes.
ASTM A213 Steel Tubes Outside Diameter and Wall Thickness Tolerance
|
OD, mm |
OD Tolerance |
|
< 25.4 |
+/- 0.10 |
|
25.4 – <= 38.1 |
+/- 0.15 |
|
> 38.1 -< 50.8 |
+/- 0.20 |
|
50.8 -< 63.5 |
+/- 0.25 |
|
63.5 -< 76.2 |
+/- 0.30 |
|
76.2 – <= 101.6 |
+/- 0.38 |
|
> 101.6 – <= 190.5 |
+0.38/-0.64 |
|
> 190.5 – <= 228.6 |
+0.38/-1.14 |
|
OD, mm |
WT Tolerance |
|
<= 38.1 |
+20%/-0 |
|
> 38.1 |
+22%/-0 |
ASTM A209 Alloy Steel Chemical Composition
|
Chemical Components (%) |
||||||
|
Grade |
C |
Mn |
P |
S |
Si |
Mo |
|
T1 |
0.10-0.20 |
0.30-0.80 |
≤0.025 |
≤0.025 |
0.10-0.50 |
0.44-0.65 |
|
T1a |
0.15-0.25 |
0.30-0.80 |
≤0.025 |
≤0.025 |
0.10-0.50 |
0.44-0.65 |
|
T1b |
0.14 max |
0.30-0.80 |
≤0.025 |
≤0.025 |
0.10-0.50 |
0.44-0.65 |
ASTM A209 Alloy Steel Mechanical properties:
|
Grade |
Tensile |
Yield |
Elongation |
Hardness |
|
Strength (Mpa) |
Strength (Mpa) |
(%) |
(HRB) |
|
|
T1 |
≥380 |
≥205 |
≥30 |
≤80 |
|
T1a |
≥365 |
≥195 |
≥30 |
≤81 |
|
T1b |
≥415 |
≥220 |
≥30 |
≤77 |
Outside Diameter & Tolerance :
|
Hot rolled |
Outside Diameter, mm |
Tolerance, mm |
|
OD≤101.6 |
+0.4/-0.8 |
|
|
101.6＜OD≤190.5 |
+0.4/-1.2 |
|
|
190.5＜OD≤228.6 |
+0.4/-1.6 |
|
|
Cold Drawn |
Outside Diameter, mm |
Tolerance, mm |
|
OD＜25.4 |
±0.10 |
|
|
25.4≤OD≤38.1 |
±0.15 |
|
|
38.1＜OD＜50.8 |
±0.20 |
|
|
50.8≤OD＜63.5 |
±0.25 |
|
|
63.5≤OD＜76.2 |
±0.30 |
|
|
76.2≤OD≤101.6 |
±0.38 |
|
|
101.6＜OD≤190.5 |
+0.38/-0.64 |
|
|
190.5＜OD≤228.6 |
+0.38/-1.14 |
Wall thickness & Tolerance :
|
Hot rolled |
Outside Diameter, mm |
Tolerance, % |
|
OD≤101.6, WT≤2.4 |
+40/-0 |
|
|
OD≤101.6, 2.4＜WT≤3.8 |
+35/-0 |
|
|
OD≤101.6, 3.8＜WT≤4.6 |
+33/-0 |
|
|
OD≤101.6, WT>4.6 |
+28/-0 |
|
|
OD>101.6, 2.4＜WT≤3.8 |
+35/-0 |
|
|
OD>101.6, 3.8＜WT≤4.6 |
+33/-0 |
|
|
OD>101.6, WT>4.6 |
+28/-0 |
|
|
Cold Drawn |
Outside Diameter, mm |
Tolerance, % |
|
OD≤38.1 |
+20/-0 |
|
|
OD>38.1 |
+22/-0 |
Chemical Requirements of A335 Alloy Steel Seamless Pipes
|
Grade |
UNS |
C≤ |
Mn |
P≤ |
S≤ |
Si≤ |
Cr |
Mo |
|
P1 |
K11522 |
0.10~0.20 |
0.30~0.80 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.10~0.50 |
- |
0.44~0.65 |
|
P2 |
K11547 |
0.10~0.20 |
0.30~0.61 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.10~0.30 |
0.50~0.81 |
0.44~0.65 |
|
P5 |
K41545 |
0.15 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.50 |
4.00~6.00 |
0.44~0.65 |
|
P5b |
K51545 |
0.15 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
1.00~2.00 |
4.00~6.00 |
0.44~0.65 |
|
P5c |
K41245 |
0.12 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.50 |
4.00~6.00 |
0.44~0.65 |
|
P9 |
S50400 |
0.15 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.50~1.00 |
8.00~10.00 |
0.44~0.65 |
|
P11 |
K11597 |
0.05~0.15 |
0.30~0.61 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.50~1.00 |
1.00~1.50 |
0.44~0.65 |
|
P12 |
K11562 |
0.05~0.15 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.50 |
0.80~1.25 |
0.44~0.65 |
|
P15 |
K11578 |
0.05~0.15 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
1.15~1.65 |
- |
0.44~0.65 |
|
P21 |
K31545 |
0.05~0.15 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.50 |
2.65~3.35 |
0.80~1.60 |
|
P22 |
K21590 |
0.05~0.15 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.50 |
1.90~2.60 |
0.87~1.13 |
|
P91 |
K91560 |
0.08~0.12 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.020 |
0.010 |
0.20~0.50 |
8.00~9.50 |
0.85~1.05 |
|
P92 |
K92460 |
0.07~0.13 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.020 |
0.010 |
0.50 |
8.50~9.50 |
0.30~0.60 |
Tensile Requirements of A335 Alloy Steel Seamless Pipes
|
|
Seamless |
||||
|
|
P-5 |
P-9 |
P-11 |
P-22 |
P-91 |
|
Tensile Strength, min., psi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ksi |
60 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
85 |
|
MPa |
415 |
415 |
415 |
415 |
585 |
|
Yield Strength, min., psi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ksi |
30 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
60 |
|
MPa |
205 |
205 |
205 |
205 |
415 |
Tolerance for ASTM A335/ASME SA 335 P5, P9, P11, P22, P91 Seamless Pipes
|
NPS |
OD Tolerance |
NPS |
WT Tolerance |
|
1/8" ≤ NPS ≤ 1 1/2" |
+/- 0.4 |
1/8" ≤ NPS ≤ 2 1/2" , All T/D ratios. |
+20%, -12.5% |
|
1 1/2 < NPS ≤ 4" |
+/- 0.79 |
NPS ≥ 2 1/2" , T/D ≤ 5% |
+22.5%, -12.5% |
|
4" < NPS ≤ 8" |
+1.59, -0.79 |
NPS ≥ 2 1/2" , T/D > 5% |
+15%, -12.5% |
|
8" < NPS ≤ 12" |
+2.38, -0.79 |
(T= Specified Wall Thickness; D = Specified Outside Diameter) |
|
|
NPS > 12" |
+/- 1%
|
||
ASTM A213 Alloy Steel Chemical Composition(%, max)
|
Steel Grade |
Chemical Composition% |
||||||||||||
|
C |
Si |
Mn |
P, S Max |
Cr |
Mo |
Ni Max |
V |
Al Max |
W |
B |
Nb |
N |
|
|
T2 |
0.10~0.20 |
0.10~0.30 |
0.30~0.61 |
0.025 |
0.50~0.81 |
0.44~0.65 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
T11 |
0.05~0.15 |
0.50~1.00 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.025 |
1.00~1.50 |
0.44~0.65 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
T12 |
0.05~0.15 |
Max 0.5 |
0.30~0.61 |
0.025 |
0.80~1.25 |
0.44~0.65 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
T22 |
0.05~0.15 |
Max 0.5 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.025 |
1.90~2.60 |
0.87~1.13 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
T91 |
0.07~0.14 |
0.20~0.50 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.02 |
8.0~9.5 |
0.85~1.05 |
0.4 |
0.18~0.25 |
0.015 |
– |
– |
0.06~0.10 |
0.03~0.07 |
|
T92 |
0.07~0.13 |
Max 0.5 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.02 |
8.5~9.5 |
0.30~0.60 |
0.4 |
0.15~0.25 |
0.015 |
1.50~2.00 |
0.001~0.006 |
|
|
ASTM A213 Alloy Steel Mechanical properties:
|
Steel Grade |
Mechanical Properties |
|||
|
T. S |
Y. P |
Elongation |
Hardness |
|
|
T2 |
≥ 415MPa |
≥ 205MPa |
≥ 30% |
163HBW(85HRB) |
|
T11 |
≥ 415MPa |
≥ 205MPa |
≥ 30% |
163HBW(85HRB) |
|
T12 |
≥ 415MPa |
≥ 220MPa |
≥ 30% |
163HBW(85HRB) |
|
T22 |
≥ 415MPa |
≥ 205MPa |
≥ 30% |
163HBW(85HRB) |
|
T91 |
≥ 585MPa |
≥ 415MPa |
≥ 20% |
250HBW(25HRB) |
|
T92 |
≥ 620MPa |
≥ 440MPa |
≥ 20% |
250HBW(25HRB) |
Katherine A. Fogg
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